What is Epidemiology? 

Epidemiology is the cornerstone of public health, often described as the "science of disease patterns and determinants in populations." It is the field of study that examines how diseases occur in different groups of people, why they occur, and how they can be controlled or prevented. It is both a science and an applied discipline that seeks to understand the distribution, causes, and effects of health-related events in populations. The term epidemiology originates from the Greek words epi (upon), demos (people), and logos (study), which translates to “the study of what is upon the people”—essentially, the study of diseases and health conditions affecting populations rather than individuals. At its core, epidemiology answers fundamental public health questions, such as:

Epidemiologists use scientific methods, statistical tools, and systematic approaches to identify disease patterns and determine ways to reduce health risks. Unlike clinicians, who focus on diagnosing and treating individual patients, epidemiologists work at a population level, analyzing health data from communities, cities, or even entire countries. Their findings influence health policies, preventive measures, and medical practices worldwide.

Defining Epidemiology 

Epidemiology is often referred to as the cornerstone of public health. It is the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations. By analyzing patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined groups, epidemiologists aim to reduce negative health outcomes through research, community education, and health policy.